Head Injury or Traumatic Brain Damage

Head Injury or Traumatic Brain occurs to the skull or scalp due to external force causing brain dysfunction. It usually happens when violent pressure is applied to the head, damaging the skull. The severity may range from a mild bump to traumatic brain injury, which includes concussion, skull fractures, and scalp wounds.

Head injuries may be open or closed, internal or external. Treatment and consequences vary according to severity. It may temporarily affect brain cells, causing bleeding, torn tissues, and physical complications that can even lead to death. Some minor injuries may bleed while major ones may not. Diagnosis requires medical tests to assess true severity.

Sometimes patients are unaware of how the injury occurred. Doctors may ask for a witness to determine the extent of injury and recovery time.

Symptoms of Head Injury

It’s not always easy to detect signs and symptoms of Head Injury or Traumatic Brain if not visible. Consult a neurologist or neurosurgeon in Gurgaon if you experience any of the following:

In Case of Mild Head Injury or Traumatic Brain

• Physical symptoms: confusion, loss of consciousness, nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue, loss of balance, sleep issues.
• Sensory symptoms: ringing in ears, blurred vision, change of taste, smell issues, light/sound sensitivity.
• Cognitive symptoms: memory loss, concentration problems, depression, anxiety, mood swings.

In Case of Moderate to Severe Head Injury or Traumatic Brain

• Physical: long unconsciousness, frequent headache, vomiting, convulsions, pupil dilation, ear/eye fluid, numbness, lack of coordination.
• Mental: confusion, slurred speech, agitation, coma, or loss of consciousness.

In Case of Children

Even children and infants may experience head injury with headaches, confusion, and sensory problems. Other signs include:

• Feeding difficulties
• Frequent crying
• Irritability
• Lack of focus or play interest
• Improper sleep
• Depression or mood swings
• Consult a pediatrician or pediatric neurosurgeon immediately

Causes of Head Injury or Traumatic Brain

Common causes include:

• Severe blow or jolt damaging multiple skull points
• Damage to brain cells or tearing of cellular structures
• Explosive blasts, gunshot wounds, or penetrating objects
• Falls, slips, vehicle collisions
• Domestic violence or child abuse
• Sports injuries (boxing, football, hockey, etc.)
• Military explosions causing brain disruption

Risk Factors of Head Injury or Traumatic Brain

Common among newborns to 4-year-olds, young adults (15–24 years), and elderly adults (75+).

Treatments

People with mild traumatic brain injuries may recover with rest and care under supervision. Doctors may recommend avoiding physical and cognitive strain. For severe cases:

• Emergency care: Maintain oxygen and blood pressure, prevent head or neck injury, and control inflammation.
• Medications: Diuretics, anti-seizure drugs, and coma-inducing medications to manage brain pressure and oxygen flow.
• Surgeries: Remove clotted blood, repair skull fractures, and relieve pressure or swelling.
• Rehabilitation: Therapy from psychiatrists, occupational and physical therapists, and neuropsychologists for recovery.

Choosing the right treatment for Head Injury or Traumatic Brain Damage depends on the doctor’s expertise. Visit the Best Neuro-Surgeon in Gurgaon, Delhi NCR, India.